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That which is Minimized at Equilibrium for Constant V and T

Note that if we had considered a system at constant $\bgroup\color{blue}$ V$\egroup$ , then $\bgroup\color{blue}$ dV=0$\egroup$ in the above and

$\displaystyle \input{equations/dF-const-T}$

(19-9)

then

$\displaystyle \input{equations/eq-const-TV}$

(19-10)

and

$\bgroup\color{blue}\framebox{ \begin{minipage}{6in} If the Helmholtz free energy... ...math{\delta}V = 0 , \; \ensuremath{\delta}T = 0} \geq 0$. \end{minipage}}\egroup$

W. Craig Carter 2002-10-22