... surface.¹

Note: in solids, another term can arise which is associated with stretching the existing surface--this is called the surface stress.

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... follows:²

The Wulff theorem, which establishes the Wulff construction is the minimizing surface is surprisingly hard to prove, but can be understood on the basis of what has been learned in thermodynamics course in a paper by J.W. Cahn and W.C. Carter, Crystal shapes and phase equilibria: A common mathematical basis, Met. Trans. A, pp 1431, (1996).

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